Artificial intelligence and its implications

Computers are very important in our times. They help us to summarize and store inform information. They are used for professional purposes such as artificial intelligence (AI). Digital assistants like Siri are based on artificial intelligence. They are used in education for alerting a teacher about a student’s performance so that timely action can be taken. Artificial intelligence is very useful when it comes to entrusting computers with the task of making an important decision. These decisions are as good as those taken by intellectuals. Computers can therefore when given artificial intelligence can do superior tasks such as play chess. They can also come up with proofs of mathematical theorems.
Artificial intelligence is of two types:
Narrow AI: This kind of AI can do only restricted tasks. They can detect the face of a human being through facial recognition software.
However, this kind of AI can defeat human beings in chess.
General AI: This kind of AI performs a lot of smart tasks. This kind of strong AI consists of robots that perform functions done by human beings.
Although there has been a lot of talk about artificial intelligence, computers still can’t match human beings in terms of making decisions. Humans have unparalleled speed in taking decisions. They have great memory and process complex knowledge. Artificial intelligence which refers to the intelligence of computers in making decisions similar to humans is limited to only certain fields. Computers can conduct medical diagnosis, recognize voices or perform the functions of a search engine. Whatever limited artificial intelligence computers have it, is due to the computer programs stored in them. Artificial intelligence refers to the cognitive behavior of computers just like humans.
What is artificial intelligence focusing on? 
Artificial intelligence is now focused on making computers do what they have not been able to do as yet.
Computers already have the ability of optical character recognition; therefore, it is not included in their artificial intelligence. There are also dangers of artificial intelligence because when computers will be able to make decisions like humans, they will replace humans leading to unemployment. Ethics are also important when deciding when computers must have intelligence similar to humans. There are many goals of artificial intelligence, which include reasoning, planning, natural language processing, perception, and learning. Many methods are a part of artificial intelligence such as neural networks working on probability, statistics, and economics.
Evolution of artificial intelligence
The idea of Artificial beings who have intelligence similar to human beings has been frequently shown in movies. One of such fictional works which showed such beings was the novel “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley. When computers were given mathematical logic based on computer programs, it was due to Alan Turing computation theory which makes sure that the computers can take decisions by exchanging symbols such as 1 and 0. Computers can come to any conclusion by shuffling these two symbols of 0 and 1. They could deduce any kind of information through this action. Besides this theory, there were many other developments in the field of computers which led scientists to believe that artificial intelligence was possible. These developments happened in the fields of information theory, neurobiology, and cybernetics. Due to all these developments and Alan Turing’s theory, computer scientists thought that it was possible to construct an electronic brain. The first possible development in the field of artificial intelligence can be owed to two computer scientists, Pitts and McCulloch which included complete design of artificial neurons as proposed by Alan Turing.

Artificial intelligence and ethics
The danger of artificial intelligence involves what can happen if computers start controlling every aspect of your lives. When a computer becomes more intelligent than any human, it can overtake the world, just like machines did in the movie “Terminator”. However, designing such intelligent computers is itself quite tough a task. In 1965, it was indicated by I.J. Good, that designing computers with intellect similar to humans, would involve recognizing their cognitive capacities. However once human intelligence is understood and copied to computers there could be solutions found to problems such as disease, war, and poverty. So, discovering and understanding human intelligence and copying it to computers is one of the biggest challenges of our times. However, to prevent computers from overtaking the human species, the goals of artificial intelligence have to be well understood. Artificial intelligence in computers can become dangerous because computers don’t have any kind of emotion. Since there is a lack of emotions in computers they can only become kind without any specific reason.
Experts have warned that two kinds of scenarios are possible when computers get artificial intelligence.
The AI has programs that can cause destruction: There can be weapons created through AI whose main purpose is to kill. When these weapons are accessed by someone with wrong intentions, they can easily cause a lot of causalities.
Apart from that, there could also be a race for weapons of this type which can lead to mass deaths. It's plausible that it would be impossible to shut off these weapons, which could lead to loss of human control on them. This kind of risk is present in weapons that can’t be controlled by humans. This kind of scenario is shown in the movie series “The Terminator” where machines have evolved to an extent that it’s not possible to control them and they capture and kill human beings. They have sensors to detect human beings via drones. They get ahead of human beings by pre-calculating each one of their moves. 
The AI has been given instructions to do something good but it chooses a wrong way: This kind of situation is possible when the computers don’t have goals similar to humans which obviously don’t include the destruction of any kind. For example, you might instruct a car to transport you to the airport, but it may choose the wrong means to do so. It may exceed the speed limits for this reason, due to which you have helicopters following you throughout the journey. It may also cause you to vomit due to the highspeed throughout the journey.
Therefore, safety research is an important part of artificial intelligence. The computers with such intelligence must know what is safe for humans and what is not before they make decisions. Many intellectuals of the world have raised concerns about the safety of artificial intelligence. There is concern about why everyone is talking about artificial intelligence these days. It’s because something which was not thought possible in this lifetime has become a possibility due to so many developments in science. Artificial intelligence will be a reality before the year 2060. This was a part of the discussions in the Puerto Rico conference which happened in 2015. Decades will elapse before safety research is properly included in artificial intelligence. The biggest threat to artificial intelligence is that since computers can become more intelligent than humans, is it necessary? However, humans can never create something which can outsmart them. We can evolve ourselves. We will never create computers with high AI because then how we will be able to control them.

Limitations of artificial intelligence
As far as the problem of artificial intelligence is concerned, it's limited in computers as discussed. For example, humans can generalize which computers can’t. Computers can’t find the past tense of every verb which is quite easy for humans. For example, humans know the rule that the past tense of every verb is verb +ed. Humans know this rule and can come up with the past tense of every verb. Computers, however, can’t use this rule, to come up with the past tense of a verb. Computers can only come up with the past tense of a verb when it is put in its memory. Computers can, however, play chess games in which they can perform based on the position of the piece. Playing chess this way by memorizing the play rules through the position of the piece is known as “rote learning”.
Myths around AI
AI machines could replace human beings: The first myth which has been surrounding AI is that how soon till machines replace human beings. History has not been able to tell that. It was predicted that by 2020, there would be flying cars. But where are these cars? In fact, artificial intelligence was proposed to become a part of human lives in 1965. Computer scientists such as Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon forecasted that artificial intelligence could have been achieved by the year 1956. They said it was possible if 10 men worked for a period of 2 months at Dartmouth College and that too with old age computers. The 10 scientists had to be chosen properly.
AI would be attainable in this century: However, another counter myth says that we won't be able to attain AI in this century. Researchers have worked hard to predict when a superhuman level of AI would be possible. The probability of getting this kind of intelligence is completely zero for this century. This myth says that AI will never be possible because it's not possible to construct a brain. But we know that it is not so. The brain includes quarks and with physics, such quarks can be easily built. There have been wrong predictions made by scientists. One such prediction that inter-planetary travel was possible in 1956. This prediction was made by Royal Richard who was an astronomer. But his prediction was proved wrong the next year only when sputnik made a revolution of the earth.
AI could replace human beings: Another myth is that computers with such inhuman intelligence will be dangerous to human beings. It's perceived because Stephen Hawking said that the rise of robots won’t be beneficial for mankind. The articles which mention such statements can’t be considered true. These articles are baseless because human beings can be made to scare. There were fears surrounding self-driving cars which didn’t prove to be true. It's just a subjective opinion that AI will be a threat to human beings. AI is considered to be dangerous for human beings because it’s thought that machines can’t be made to have goals. But it is not so. The fear surrounding AI is more because we believe that machines with more smartness than us be dangerous. If we surrender our smartness to machines, we also put the control in their hands. The major question surrounding human beings is what jobs will exist for the modern generation of today when machines will take over all the jobs. Will intelligent machines cooperate with human beings or they won’t? Stephen Hawking was worried about artificial intelligence taking over the world. Artificial intelligence is not so advanced as of now, it is not so close to that depicted in movies. There are however considerable examples of artificial intelligence which include self-driving cars, and digital assistants like Siri which listen to all human commands and carry out the instructions. 
Reduction in human mistakes
The strongest reason why AI was invented was that there is scope for so much human error. This can be eliminated when machines are chosen to do jobs.
In case, machines have artificial intelligence, they use algorithms to make decisions and the scope of error is quite low.
There is a higher possibility of reaching accuracy when machines are used for doing work. For example, Artificial intelligence has reduced the majority of errors committed by human beings.
Betterment of economy and business
Artificial intelligence can make sure that robots help human beings in performing their jobs. The merging of human beings and robots will be inevitable. AI can also become smarter as time evolves because of the time they spend with human beings. They will increase business efficiency. There are many industries that will benefit from these enhanced capabilities of AI.


AI-Better for humanity
AI will make sure that there will be a systematic flow of information due to which new jobs will be created. There will also be data savings caused by lesser maintenance of data. The AI will be able to take care of mundane and boring tasks such as data entry. On the other hand, AI which is used in homes makes sure that electricity is used less and bills are less. They also provide greater security because of facial recognition algorithms embedded in them.
People can get a higher time to learn because AI will be devoted to doing tasks requiring hard work. There will be more creativity shown in people in whatever work is done by them. For example, when robots, are used for medical purposes, there can be better supervision of patients. This supervision can be done 24/7 because unlike human beings, robots don’t sleep. Therefore, this will lead to the betterment of medical facilities.
AI in the justice system
Many kinds of police departments all over the world are using artificial intelligence. This is because AI-powered robots don’t have any prejudice against anyone. Judges are known to suffer from biases. However, there can also be problems when AI sends people to jail for the crimes they don’t commit. It is because they can be used for forecasting crimes. For example, in the movie, "Minority Report”, people are sent to jail before they even do something wrong. This, however, can lead to faster justice. Huge queues at the courts will no longer happen.
Artificial intelligence and its implications
With AI-powered robots, it is easy to actually send robots to those missions where human beings can’t be sent. The machines can be programmed to undertake many missions like moving to Mars which is so risky for humans. They can also go to the deepest segments of oceans. Robots can sacrifice themselves in such missions and no human lives are lost. If there were robots that could have minimized the fire in the case of the Chernobyl explosion, there won't have been a blast causing such irreversible effects of radiation. Of course, these robots had to be powered by artificial intelligence.

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Robots can work more than human beings
Human beings can only work for 4-6 hours in a day and it’s limiting. Humans need time for refreshment which is not the case with robots. They also need to take care of their personal lives. Robots don’t have any personal lives. Also, they can work 24/7 because they are not fed up with monotonous jobs. Now, chatbots have been developed which handle the queries received by educational institutions. These chatbots are computer programs that are used for chatting with potential customers.

Doing boring tasks
Humans don’t have the stamina to carry out boring tasks, unlike humans. But sometimes, strenuous tasks are required which are boring in nature. To do such tasks, such as checking someone’s documents, robots can be of great help. Such kinds of tasks are done regularly done in banks.

Assistance in digital tasks
The users have the freedom to talk with chatbots. Such chatbots have ensured that human beings get the response that is needed by them. These chatbots have been created in such a manner that it’s tough to decipher whether you are chatting with a human being or a chatbot. Using such chatbots is good for business because you can’t have someone to chat 24/7. Chatbots are used on mobile applications and websites.

Quicker decisions
Humans can have emotional factors involved in their decision making. Fortunately, this is not a part of decision making as far as robots are concerned. Although machines have been programmed to take care of emotional factors, their programming helps them take practical decisions faster than human beings. For example, we all have played chess with a computer. But it's impossible to beat the PC due to the AI embedded in the hard drive.
Daily uses
There are digital applications that have been developed using artificial intelligence. Siri, for example, helps you find locations, take a selfie and do a phone call. Siri will dial the number for you when you are calling someone. So, these assistants are quite useful in daily life for you. When you ask Google about a location, it gives you the best path between the intended location and your location.
Making predictions
AI can help you predict many kinds of situations with ease. For example, AI can find out breast cancer in its initial stages.
Let us know what are the disadvantages of AI
High costs of making such machines
Apart from the threat of taking over human beings, AI also has other disadvantages which include continuous maintenance. This is quite tough because the new software is coming into the market regularly. The making of such machines has high costs because they are very complicated machines.
Humans will be becoming lazy
Humans becoming addicted to such machines due to which they rest more. They are unlikely to do their work themselves which can make them obsolete for the future. Future generations will also be bearing problems when they will be unable to do anything on their own.
Unemployment
This is one major risk because robots can perform all jobs better than humans do. So the organizations are looking for individuals with skillsets as good as robots.
No feelings
Although machines are better at doing tasks than human beings, machines don’t have any feelings. So, human bonding which creates a team is lacking when machines are a part of a team. There can't be any kind of jokes cracked between machines and human beings which is the essence of a team.

No job
Machines can’t do those tasks for which they are not programmed. They can only perform those tasks for which programming is done. So, no brainstorming can happen with machines, unlike human beings.

Evil robot
Many people are scared that AI will eliminate humanity. But it is not so true. But these are myths and are not true. However, artificial intelligence can have dangerous consequences once it’s not done with proper planning. It is because we are so many years away from a superintelligent machine that could replace us.